1. Definition and Core Judgment Criteria Nuclear-grade zirconium plates are ultra-low hafnium high-purity zirconium/zirconium alloy rolled plates, conforming to the standards: ASTM B352, GB/T 8769, ISO 10270. The core hard indicator is: hafnium (Hf) content ≤0.01% (the maximum industrial zirconium hafnium content is 4.5%, as hafnium strongly absorbs neutrons and is strictly prohibited from use in the reactor).
It adopts a full-process impurity control technology of vacuum self-consuming arc melting → forging → multi-pass cold and hot rolling → precision annealing → pickling and passivation, with strict control over grain size, second phase and oxygen content, and is suitable for the high temperature, high pressure and strong neutron irradiation water environment of reactors.
2. Mainstream nuclear-grade zirconium plate grades, composition, and properties
| Grade | Alloy System |
Core Components |
Core Advantages | Suitable Reactor Type |
| Zr-4 (R60804) | Zr-Sn-Fe-Cr | Sn≈1.2%, Fe≈0.2%, Cr≈0.1%, Ni-free | Extremely low hydrogen absorption, resistant to high-temperature water-side uniform corrosion, inhibits hydrogen embrittlement | Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) (Global mainstream) |
| Zr-2 (R60802) | Zr-Sn-Fe-Cr-Ni | Sn≈1.5%, trace Ni | Good plasticity, resistant to steam corrosion, easy to stamp and form | Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), core structural components |
| Zr-2.5Nb (R60705) | Zr-Nb | Nb≈2.5% | Resistant to radiation growth, low creep, resistant to high-pressure heavy water | CANDU | Heavy water reactor, new advanced reactor |
| Domestic New Zirconium (N18, ZIRLO, M5) | Zr-Sn-Nb | Low Tin + Niobium Composite | Long burnup, resistance to nodule corrosion, and extended refueling cycle | Third/Fourth Generation Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor |
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3.Standard Specifications
Thickness: 0.3–50mm (thin plates 0.3–10mm, medium-thick plates 10–50mm); Width ≤1000mm, Length ≤2000mm, precision rolling with micron-level tolerances; custom-made irregular-shaped pieces and bent semi-finished products are available.
Key Core Performance (Reasons Why Nuclear Power Is Irreplaceable)
* Extremely Low Thermal Neutron Absorption Cross Section (0.18 barn): Far lower than stainless steel (≈3 barn), resulting in minimal neutron loss, significantly improving uranium fuel utilization, and higher reactor power at the same enrichment level.
* Strong Corrosion Resistance in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Water Environments: Maintains long-term stability in the primary coolant at 300–350℃ and 15–17MPa, forming a self-healing dense ZrO₂ oxide film on the surface with a corrosion rate <0.03mm/year, eliminating the risk of fuel breakage and leakage.
* Resistant to Neutron Irradiation and Low-Irradiation Swelling: Minimal dimensional deformation after irradiation, not easily embrittled, and can withstand high neutron flux bombardment throughout its lifespan; Zr-2.5Nb exhibits optimal resistance to radiation deformation.
* Moderate Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Balance: Melting point 1852℃, tensile strength at room temperature 380–500MPa, excellent plasticity, allowing for bending, stamping, and deep drawing of complex grid and baffle structures.
Low activation characteristics: Irradiation produces short-lived radioactive isotopes, and the radiation decay of spent fuel is faster in the later stages, reducing the risk of reprocessing and storage.
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